WebElements Periodic Table of the Elements | Thallium

Chemical reactions of the elements

Reaction of thallium with air

Freshy cut thallium tarnishes slowly to give a grey oxide film that protects the remaining metal from further oxidation. When heated strongly to red heat in air, poisonous thallium(I) oxide is formed.

2Tl(s) + O₂(g) → Tl₂O(s)

Reaction of thallium with water

Thallium seems not to react with air-free water. Thallium metal tarnishes slowly in moist air or dissolves in water to give poisonous thallium(I) hydroxide.

2Tl(s) + 2H₂O(l) → 2TlOH(aq) + H₂(g)

Reaction of thallium with the halogens

Thallium metal reacts vigorously with fluorine, F₂, chlorine, Cl₂, and bromine, Br₂, to form the dihalides thallium(III) fluoride, TlF₃, thallium(III) chloride, TlCl₃, tand hallium(III) bromide, TlBr₃, respectively. All these compounds are poisonous.

2Tl(s) + 3F₂(g) → 2TlF₃(s) []

2Tl(s) + 3Cl₂(g) → 2TlCl₃(s) []

2Tl(s) + 3Br₂(l) → 2TlBr₃(s) []

Reaction of thallium with acids

Thallium dissolves only slowly in sulphuric acid, H₂SO₄, or hydrochloric acid, HCl, because the poisonous thallium(I) salts produced are not very soluble.

Reaction of thallium with bases

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Thallium
- Essential data: names, symbol, atomic number, and atomic weight; block, period, and group in periodic table; description; standard state; registry number; and isolation
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Thallium around us
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Thallium compounds
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